Flashcards from the chapter 8 textbook notes
cellular respiration |
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
Aerobic |
Process that requires oxygen |
NAD+ |
electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
FAD |
electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle |
Glycolysis |
A metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP |
Anaerobic |
Process that does not require oxygen |
prepartory reaction |
parent drug more polar metabolite |
citric acid cycle |
Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. |
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) |
series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions |
substrate-level phosphorylation |
The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism. |
Fermentation |
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid. |
oxygen dept |
amount of oxygen requirement to oxidize lactic acid produced anaerobically during strenous muscle activity. |
Mitocondrion |
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
Acetyl CoA |
the entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme |
Cytochromes |
proteins that play a key role in electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts |
Chemiosmosis |
Process by which a Hydrogen pump pumps protons into the thylakoid membrane. H+ passively flows through the ATP synthase which leads to the creation of ATP. |
Catabolism |
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. |
Anabolism |
Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy. |
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