Unit 2 review (1450-1648) duel

Indulgences

Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding

30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) Small localized war in Bohemia between the Protestant union and the catholic league . Catholic league won and reestablished Catholicism

Battle of White Mountain (1620) Catholics defeated the Protestants and reestablished Catholicism (bohemian phase)

Predestination Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation

nepotism favoritism to relatives

Double entry book keeping

Where they would put you if you broke the law. Your arms and legs are restrained and anyone in town can throw things at you.

Council of Trent Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening.

Jesuits members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)

Danish Phase (1625-1629)

Diet of Worms called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots in France

Frederick 1st

Catholic Reformation Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline in response to Protestant reforms.

French Protestants

Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window.

Social order in 16th century europe Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas)

Anabaptists A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.

Swedish Phase (1630-1635)

Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war

the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor

Roman Inquisition A Catholic court that inquired into the beliefs of people to see if they were heretics

French Phase (1635-1648) Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats

Peace of Augsburg A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic)

Index of Prohibited Books

Simony

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding

Council of Trent Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening.

members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

Stocks Where they would put you if you broke the law. Your arms and legs are restrained and anyone in town can throw things at you.

Peace of Westphalia

Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.

Defenestration of Prague Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window.

Indulgences Allowed people to buy their salvation

Hugenots

Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas)

Battle of White Mountain (1620)

30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)

A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic)

Index of Prohibited Books A list of Books, created by the Catholic Church, that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severe.

Massacre of Vassy Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war

Anabaptists A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.

King of Denmark, who was Protestant, led attacks against the Catholics. War is transforming from a local conflict, to a tran-national war

Roman Inquisition A Catholic court that inquired into the beliefs of people to see if they were heretics

Edict of Nantes document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots in France

nepotism favoritism to relatives

Predestination Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation

Simony

Witch hunts In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)

Frederick 1st

Diet of Worms called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

French Phase (1635-1648) Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats

Double entry book keeping Banks began handling so much money, new techniques were developed to keep track of it. Double entry booking was a way of keeping track of everyone’s debts and bank balance.

End this game?