European advantages over African resistance
Military technology developed in the second industrial revolution like the machine gun, telegrams and railroads made running a nation from the other side of the world much easier, and new medicines that let europeans survive in africa.
Positivism
Taught that any rational conclusion must be able to be scientifically verified or provable through mathematical quantification. Truth = Science or Math, not god or mythology
Entente cordiale
France agreed to become friends with britian because they both wanted territory in sudan to build railroads, but France was way outnumbered and wanted a friend to defend against germany. Lays the groundwork for their alliance in WWI
Triple entente
An alliance between Britain, france, and Russia created in 1907 in response to the triple alliance.
Austro-Prussian war of 1866
Before this war broke out, Bismarck skillfully negotiated non-interference treaties with Britain and Russia. He then started a war over the two provinces he was sharing with austria, forcing the other smaller German provinces to pick a side, which they did. #Unification
Dual monarchy of Austria Hungary.
Austria was unable to suppress the growing nationalism in Hungary. This led to the creation of the dual monarchy
Bismarck became chancellor of Germany
Giuseppe Garibaldi led his men (clad in red shirts) to unify the southern region. He then gave over sovereignty to the north, finally unifying italy, except for Rome, which was still occupied by france.
Otto von Bismarck
Introduced reforms aimed a bulking up Prussia's wealth, most notably, by increasing its military.
Ems telegram
A document forged by Bismarck of a Prussian diplomat
allegedly insulting Napoleon III, provoking a war with france
Imperialism led to a partial rejection of social darwinism
Some people began to see the problem with brutally colonizing other places
Racial superiority & Social Darwinism
Triple alliance
Created in 1882 by Bismarck. An alliance between germany, austria, and italy which supported the existing political orders in these state, as well as a mutual defence pact against france.
New imperialism causes
After industrialization there was a strong motive to imperialize other parts of the globe to gain access to more raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods.
Effects of the Crimean war
Effectively broke up the concert of Europe which had kept the peace and the balance of power in Europe, since it's inception. Britain and Russia focused inward, creating the conditions for Italian and German unification.
Sepoy rebellion
Because of a feeling that India was losing its heritage and culture, and a rumor that the british were greasing their ammunition carriages in the fat of cows, the sepoy (Indian soldiers who worked for the british) rebelled in 1857. It spread rapidly across india, but the british eventually crushed it. India transferred from east india company to british government,
Zulu rebellion
Europeans had divided africa with little to no regard for tribal boundaries or conflicts. The native zulu tribe, who had been forced to mine for diamonds, revolted with an army of over 40,000 men, but eventually lost to the british.
3 key wars that Bismarck used to unify germany
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Dreyfus Affair
Realpolitik
The brothers Grimm
Academic German published a collection of fairy tales from German culture. Their goal was to connect living germans with their ancestral roots.
Rome unifies with italy
The franco-Prussian war forced Napoleon III to withdraw french troops from Rome, so italy just took it.
Zionism
A nationalism movement that sprang up among European Jews. Enlightenment ideals led to more tolerance for Jews. But Zionism responded to the growing anit-semitism that came back after incidents like the dreufus affair
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Franco-Prussian war
Bismarck wanted to unify with the sounthern German states he had just fought a war with by fighting a common enemy: France. After falsifying a document and starting a war with france, the german states united together and won.
A German Jew who argued in 1835 that Jews should have a land of their own and that land should be their ancestral home of Palestine.
Relativism
Since positivism rejected the idea that there was one overarching truth that applied to everyone everywhere, that meant hat all truth was relative.
The Crimean war
A war over religion and politics. The Ottoman sultan granted special privilege's to French Catholics, and Russia wanted those same privilege's for Orthodox Christians. France and Russia wanted to weaken an empire already divided by internal nationalist divisions. When Austria declared neutrality and left Russia all alone, Russia lost.
The emotional aspect of nationalism indicated that nationalism was a reaction against the cold rationality of the enlightenment
Berlin conference (1884-1885)
