Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Sioux wars
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Railroads
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Haymarket square riot
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Indian appropriation act
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
The new south
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Views on immigration
